Kelly: Ideations

Hey there Dela! I just wanted say, first, thank you for staying after on Saturday to give us all feedback, it was very helpful. I have worked on two of the characters Chiyoko and Charles Brandon. With Chiyoko I tried what you suggested with combining some of the traditional Victorian Clothes with the Japanese. I defiantely think this makes it more interesting. I think I am leaning towards a japanese top with the victorian pants and shoes. I am having some difficulty trying to come up with a solution for my amputee (Charles Brandon) that is suffering from phantom limb. Any suggestions and feedback would be great. Thank you.

Saro's ideations

The upper two are new ideations,







Dela,
Here are some the older ideations and some new ones. I did some head explorations for Armond who is the historian/clock-smith. He is the leader of the team and the oldest one of them all. He is very wise and has a strong heart. He mourns over his dead wife but he tends not to show his vulnerable side. He looks serious but he is very generous. Let me know what you think, otherwise I will have some in-house drawings soon, thanks.

JP: Madame Valentine & Felix In-House

Dela,

This is the first in-house sketch for the character Dominique Valentine (Madame Valentine) the medium with the doll-head skirt and Felix Badeau the writer. I was wondering what level of finish you are looking for in the in-house stage. I feel tempted to tighten up, but I usually have to resist that urge to keep things fresh. I should have more characters up soon as well.

Jigme, Etienne, and Noemi

Hey Dela, thanks for the comments on the previous ideations I had done. Right now I'm trying to research actors that'll help me develop Bertrand like you said. Here are my first in-house drawings for Noemi, Etienne and Jigme. I kept in mind what you said about Jigme looking like he was from WWI on the thumbnails, so hopefully in this drawing he doesn't. I tried to put them both in some kind of action or movement pose, so Noemi is reading a spell while Jigme is reaching for one of the many vases he carries as Etienne tells him where the ghosts are. Any ideas or comments would be great, I'm also looking into putting some kind of victorian pattern into Noemi's long skirt because it seems too plain right now. I didn't shade these drawings in because it's easier for me to paint them in photoshop later if I have no shading, but if you'd like to see them shaded I can go ahead and do that. Thanks!

Jens: Ideation

Dela,
I wanted to try and show more personality in the expressions and poses that hopefully describe more clearly who my team are. Cecile is patient and attentive to sound. Researching The developement of braille I found a school where Cecile could have learned to play violin.
Gustave the gravedigger is powerful, but also compassionate and reverent. The count is arrogant and greedy, while Chen is fearful but responsible for a family. Thanks

Reeser ~ New Explorations

Hey Dela...here are a few more explorations of two of my characters. I want to move in a more stylized direction, and really push the shapes. With the ideations of Jang, I was still exploring costume and props (of which I like the right-most of the larger drawings), and I intend him to be more round and short than how you see him right now. I'm happy with the left-most drawing of Victoria, but am still fiddling with her costume (which effects her shape). Let me know what you think so far... --Lauren

Tony Bui!

Hey Dela and friends,

I been pushing out work and been combining different characters. Any advice would be most awesome.

I combined my idea of the leader and the samurai together. He only wears a samurai-inspired power glove that is used to carry a heavy staff. The staff attracts spirits so he can hunt them down.

This is the blind man. I gave him tatsoos under his eyes as scars from a ghost attack. His cane also becomes a gun to hunt down ghost.

This is a new character. She is an acrobat that tries to stay off the ground as much as possible. She talks to this crow that becomes her guardian angel when she turns on a mystical lamp that is attached to her body.

This is the guardian angel, a tengu creature. He is very tricky and only listens to the little girl. He is the scholar of the group and tells them information from reading information from his arm wraps. I like his big nose.


Thanks for reading.

Jaime's Ghost Hunter Ideations 3

Here are some ideations of all four of the characters I am trying to develop. I am still not sure if I should do them realistic or cartoony or somewhere inbetween. I am going to keep doing more ideations playing around with the overall designs and getting the personality of the characters come through better. I incorporated some of the things that you had suggested in class and feel it is working better. I am going to continue to push the designs. Any suggestions would be great. Thank you.

JP: More Ghosthunter Ideations

Dela,

Here is a set of ideations I did for the writer character Felix Badeau. I tried to make the design more interesting and work in some asymmetry like we discussed in class. Hopefully these are more successful. I like a few of the sketches, but I would like to run them by you before I get too into them.

Thanks!

revisions/ideations

Hey Dela, I'm in the process of modifying Bertrand after you said he didn't really fit into the group, so here's what I have so far on him as well as his coffin that he carries. I did some ideations for Jigme and how he'll carry more than one vase/jar. There are some key ideas as well as an idea of Etienne's scarred face with the scarred hair line. If you got any comments that would be great, I'll keep doing these as well as starting on the inhouse for Noemi. Thanks!

World Around Us 3

Here are some links to look at that deal with character design and/or the project we currently working on.

http://characterdesign.blogspot.com/
http://imdb.com/title/tt0482571/photogallery
http://imdb.com/gallery/ss/0396171
http://imdb.com/gallery/ss/0120681
http://imdb.com/gallery/ss/0311429

Janet: Ghost Hunters

These are ideations for the ghost hunter project. Most of them are explorations of how each member can contribute to the team and costumes studies of period clothing. I added notes for characters I plan to develop and add a backstory to.

~Janet

Hey Dela

Thankyou so much for your feedback.

Here are my ideations from today.

Again, the story is about 4 ghosthunters that are trying to free the restless and revengeful souls that are wandering around Paris. They hunt ghosts because they have to, and consider this their destiny. The characters each posses a dark quality to them, they are both good and bad - they see themselves in the ghosts that they're looking for and in their plight to free the ghosts from their prison, they are freeing a part of themselves too.

I plan on elaborating on the snake-like Haitian/French Priestess, the Undead Prostitute that attracts moths and fireflies, the Asian Schlor who carries his dead wife's heart in his walking stick and the Warrior that makes Death Masks.

I'm currently working on how to pose the characters and will have some more ideations in a couple of days.

Thankyou, again.

Jaime's Ghost Hunter Ideations 2

Jaime's Ghost Hunters Ideations

Here are my ideations for the Ghost Hunters set in Paris, France during the Victorian Era (1837-1901). I spent my time doing research on clothing, inventions, and the look during that time. It was difficult to decide on the given characteristics for each character. There are so many possibilities the characters can take as far as being leader, book keeper, blind, asian, etc. You can mix and match and come up with so many dynamics for a group. I have decided on one group mix for now but can change it later on. The bulk of my time was spent on researching, looking and drawing from fashion magazines and changing the shapes and forms and sizes of the characters. It was fun drawing, researching and gathering refrence. The personality of the characters didn't come to me right away but developed through the ideations process. I know the characters may change as I continue but this is what I have for now. Here is a quick synopsis of my characters: The Leader of the group goes by the name of Rick Nightengale. He is confident, smart, charismatic, and righteous to name a few. He feels that not all ghosts who are bad are necessarily evil but in need of help. He wants to get rid of pure evil ghosts and help out others free their wandering spirit to heaven. The sidekick is the young woman by the name of Francine Beaumont. She is strong willed and stubborn. She is hardworking and very skilled. She on the otherhand feels that all bad ghosts are evil and should be destroyed. The bookkeeper/inventor/scientist goes by the name of Prof. Nicholas Frost. He is old, open minded, knowledgable, funny, and can be serious when concentrating on new formulas or inventions. Together with the group he invents weapons to catch ghosts to destroy or contain for future research. He has also developed a communication device that can communicate with ghosts. The Ghost Viewer/Sensor goes by the name of Iva Nara (Girl) or Bao Sun (Boy). He or she is able to see/sense ghosts even though he/she is blind. He/She is the direct link to the spiritual world. He/She is afraid of ghosts but with the help and support of the group He/She continues to fight evil ghosts and rescue trapped or lost spirits. I am Open for any comments whether it be on pushing the design of the characters/props or storytelling. Thank you.

Amie's Ideations

Hi Dela, here are some ideations for the ghost hunters, I'm still working out the historian and his daughter, who is the physicist. I'm still going to try to sketch some quick ideas, but I really liked the idea of having a siberian shaman, who can communicate with the ghosts and capture them in either a special seed, or an amulet, which is crushed and made into ink with water by the chinese calligraphist. Any thoughts or suggestions would be awesome, Thanks!

Kelly's Ideations

Hey Dela! Here are my ideations for the Ghost Hunters. I haven't yet settled down on a specific idea of what each of the characters are going to be like. I am trying to explore all options. Right now I do know that these people are part of a club called the Ghost Club that is a branch off of the one going on in England during this time. Any feedback would be great so I know I am on the right path. Untill then I will keep on drawing. Thanks!

Nigel: More Ghost Hunters Ideations

Here are some more ideations. I hope to move on to some more props design. That would definitely help me with coming up with more unique costumes.

Lauren Reeser ~ Ideations

Hi Dela ~ Here are some ideations I've done for three of the characters. The lady I intend to be a high society widow who has a lot of money and even more time. She is obsessed with contacting her dead husband's spirit, and has the funds and the time to do it. She is the "leader" and patron of the group. The second set of ideations are for the asian man. This character is retained by the aristocrat lady, and tries to blend in to his victorian surroundings by wearing suit jackets and fashionable hats, but still retains some of his asian flair. He is often cold, so wears heavy clothing. The third set is for a blind little girl who is clairvoyant, but also very afraid of the ghosts and spirits she can sense. Formerly poor, but now under the wing of the patron, she still prefers her old clothes (little dresses are not her thing), or mixes and matches the old and new. Let me know what you think about these sketches :-) Thanks!

Ghost Hunters

Hey Dela, here are the ideations I have so far for 3 of my characters and props they would use. I put descriptions of them in the drawings. I haven't started the ideations for Jigme, the 4th character, but I will today. I'll do more ideations for everyone else as well. Any comments or suggestions would be great!

-ariel

Nigel: Ghost Hunters Ideations

Hey Dela,
Here are some of my ideas. I plan on brainstorming some more ideas as to how to catch the ghost, or why they are capturing the ghost. I have tons of fashion reference, and i would really like to start incoorporating some of how they catch the ghosts with their clothing. Any suggestions would be great. If there is any idea that strikes you as interesting, has potential, which ones to trash would be great too. Thanks!

Jens: Ghosthunter Ideations

Dela,
In exploring a variety of paths I tried to expand on the ones I felt had more promise. I still plan on coming up with more ideas, and hopefully more resolved characters based on what I have here. Any suggestions would be great.
Thanks
Jens

JP: Ghosthunter Ideations

Dela,

Here are the first four pages of ideations for the Paris ghosthunters. I tried to explore a lot of different ideas and get some attitude into the sketches. I plan on picking a few of these, unifying their story and ideating more pages based on that. Any pointers or suggestions you have would be much appreciated.

Thanks!

Erin Middendorf - final paints

Here is my final work for my mini golf hole. I'm sorry that it's late - being sick this week has gotten me behind in all of my classes.
It sounds like I will be working with Jeff Snow this upcoming Friday and will be until his sessions are over. I imagine I will work with you again, Dela, once that happens. (I'll have to double check with the professors.)
Thank you!

~Erin Middendorf

Class

Hey gang,

I just want to say I am really happy with all the work you are doing. These pieces have come a long way, and it's great to see the growth from the first week to the third. I know sometimes it can be a little frustrating, but know that I am aware of all the hard work you are putting into the assignment. This week we will be starting a new project.

Just a reminder , this week the final paint is do. You will be turning in your final paint to me so be sure your name is on it. Also bring in all the work you have done this week with you.

See you all in class.

final casino drawing

hey dela,

Here's the final drawing I did for my golf hole. I'm going to do comps and start painting tonight. Any comments would be great! thanks!

Jens Color Comps

Dela,
Here are my color ideas, I would appreciate any comments on aspects that are working or not. I like the top middle one but I also plan on including the green felt as seen to the right of it to make it more clear that it is a mini golf hole. Thanks.

Saro: color keys

Dela, Here are some color keys that I've done. Are these working well? Is there anything that I should keep in mind while I'm painting? Thanks.

Erin Middendorf - continuing exploration

I've thought and drawn out some more explorations for the Chinese themed golf hole. I included one of my presentations from last Friday for comparison. I think worked on a color comp. The layout is not final, but I have included the elements that I'm very sure I want in the final layout: fu dogs, stairs, the gate, the tree, a palace tower, some fake Chinese-art style mountains, a waterfall, and a pond surrounding the tree. I think I should make the enclosure a lot bigger so that I can include more elements like smaller trees or maybe some other palaces.

I'd love some thoughts or suggestions!

JP: Color Comps and Revised In-House

Dela--Here are some color comps I did while trying to find a palette that reflected the feeling of the Jekyll and Hyde story. I played with and overall palette as well as dual palettes that reflect the crazed and fractured personality of Jekyll. For the bottle colors, I used the three colors of the doctor's transformation potion from the story: red, violet, and green. I am also posting the simplified version of the comp based on the feedback you gave me.

Thanks!

more casino stuff

Here are some ideations are I did trying to work with different structures and designs. One is sorrounded by water. The larger individual drawing is a rough sketch to get the shapes for my final drawing which is going to be the hole I had already drawn but with a large walkway and more things around it.

Jaime's Ideations 2 Continued

Jaime's Ideations 2

Here are my latest rough ideations for the mini golf course I like to call Cloud 18. I found myself not only trying to figure out the design of the course but also the props themselves. I wanted the player to enter an old dried up and dead Garden of eden leading towards the stairs to heaven (golf shot). The stairs are guarded by the wings of two angels. There is still the element of the narrow path but also adding to the difficulty is that it can only pass through 3 openings at the bottom of the wings. It also has to be timed to the opening of the gates of heaven up above. If the player misses then the ball goes down the mouth of the mountain to hell. In hell the player has a chance to make it to heaven by making the ball in the holy grail deep within the caves. Designing this golf course is a great challenge but fun as well. I want the course to be fun, visually pleasing, challenging. Any help in the design of the garden leading up to the stairs of heaven and also the design of hell would be great. Thanks.

Tony Bui!

Hey hey.

Sorry I couldn't attend class, but I had some army training.

For this week, I went very far from my original New York City Concept. I liked the idea but the execution didn't turn out the way I wanted it to. So, I came up with a new theme: Mayan Ruins.


This is an ideation that I am going with. I am planning to drawing an in-house with a lot more detail.


Here is a viz dev piece. In this piece, the golfer has just putted the ball into the wrong Mayan face and has to suffer the attack of a group of Mayan soldiers.

I am hoping I am going in the right track. Any advice will be great.

Nigel: In house 2nd pass.

Hey Dela,

I did a few more rough ideations, but had no luck with arranging the elements in the lab to set the mood. Then I went to rent the Frankenstein movie, and decided that this specific course would follow the story of the actual movie. This helped alot, and I ended up with a piece that I really like. The begining of the course resembles the reconstruction of the monster by Dr. Frankenstein. He collected body parts from grave yards and sewed them together in his lab. The climax of the course is actually the hole where franenstein wakes. And the background is the ending where the Frankenstein's monster burns down with the lab.

I incoorperated alot from the comments you left me, putting props that use to be on side as actual part of the course. Having a much more interesting path of action, more story telling elements, I took out the stairs to have it less inviting. I agree that the slots where out of place, so I took those out as well.

Should I go ahead and do some color comps? Are anythings standing out that I should change? Any advice or comments would be great.

Saro's revised in-house

Hey Dela, Here is my revision on the in-house drawing based on your comments in class. I have added some pillars in the front falling on each other, this way you have to go through them. I also added a scorpion on those pillars extending its pincers as an obstacle, also the broken pieces from the pillars are obstacles as well. I switched the Pharaoh from my other drawing because it looks more monumental and made it bigger. I've included some snakes at the end of the hole as you suggested in class to hint that there will be a cobra coming out of the rocks. Thanks Dela for your help and suggestions.

Kelly: More Enormous Croc Ideations

Hey dela! Again, thank you for all your feedback it is very helpful. Here are more ideations of the enormous crocodile hole design. I have included the ones that I showed on Saturday just to refresh your memory of what I had done before. I tried playing with the curve of the tail to get a more interesting path. Along with bring such things like the elephant out from the back. Thanks

JP: Revised In-House

Dela--This is the revised in-house piece we talked about in class. I extended the entryway to the course to try and get some normal scale elements and help make the transition from normalcy to insanity more pronounced. I also elongated the hole at the end to give it a little more space as you suggested. I will have some color comps up soon as well.

Thanks!

Due Next Week

Your paintings are due next week.

Based on what we spoke about in class, you may still need to do some ideation exploration. When that is finished begin your painting. Please continue posting your progress. We will crit your work and be starting a new assignment.

Reeser

Hi Dela~ I wasn't able to make it to class on Saturday on account of being sick. I'm posting the other two in-house drawings I did for that class. I was happy with this work, but Bunny didn't find any interest in my ideas, so I'm a bit at a loss now. Any suggestions you can give to help me out will be so appreciated. Thanks so much. Lauren R.

FUMI

Just wanted to wish Dave, all the students heading down south, and Fumi the best of luck tonight at the Annie Awards!

Saturday Class

Hey ladies and gents there was some great progress done this week. I like what I'm seeing. For class tomorrow be sure to bring in all the work you did this week. Along with your ref and a portfolio if I don't already have it.

JP: Another In-House

Dela,

Here is another piece based on a different ideation. I wanted this piece to differ from the formal layout of the garden piece, and I was trying to play with some atmospheric effects like steam. I wanted more interaction the golf course and the mechanical elements, so for this hole I wanted the lights on the course to flicker when the steam surges. At the same time, the hole is part of a large pressure gauge with the needle surging back and forth in synch with the steam elements and lights. The needle will block the hole. When the ball goes in, Hyde in the vat will turn into Jekyll, either with projection or animatronics, but both using some sort of cloudy water technique to mask the change. I plan to have one more drawing done by Saturday, so there should be more variety to discuss.

Again, any comments would be awesome.

Thanks!

Nigel Li. In house.

Here is my in house drawing. I refined the Frankenstein theme. Had a little trouble with the scan, but it holds enough information to be colored.

Nigel Li. More ideations.

Hey Dela, hope all is going well. Just wanted to thank you for taking a look at all the work we are posting even when you are busy at work. It definitely gives us a guide to what is working, what is not, and where to take it. I did some more ideations as you said, but combining the ideas seem create too much going on in one hole. I did a bunch and only came up with two that would work, incoorperating elements from earlier ideations. The frankenstein hole is combined with the slot machine built into his head. When you get it in his mouth, the slots go off giving you a chance to win a even bigger prize then a free game. Theres a screen at the side which displays surgery of frankenstein to further involve the player.

The clock tower again has lcd screens in the windows, showing different ghosts and monsters. The graves along the course will once again display a picture of the player to mimic the players own grave. After you hit it into the hole, you actually have to go into the haunted house to exit. I also took a look at the movies you suggested, and decided to take palettes from certain scenes to create some mood in these drawings.

Erin Middendorf - more golf ideations

Here are a few more pages of ideations and descriptions. I started reading about different Chinese folk tales and tried to incorporate them in my ideations. There will be more ideations to show for Saturday. I really want to do an in house drawing of the Nian, as I feel pretty comfortable with that idea. Any further suggestions would be very helfpul!

Reeser - Tree Limb In-House Drawings

Here are two in-house drawings of two tree limb holes. Any comments from anyone will be greatly appreciated. --Lauren

Jaime's Ideations

These are some my rough ideations for the heaven and hell, good and evil mini golf course. I worked on trying to build up to the initial/potential "hole in one" shot. I wanted to have the "hole in one" shot to be guarded by 3 beasts in the beginning. Also worked on adding more obstacles and overall feel of hell in the lower basement level. One main concern for the design that I had was scale. I imagine this course as the main attraction and feel it has to be bigger than normal. I don't know if I am going too big on the scale of the course. However, I do like the feel of the giant mountain and floating clouds high above. Any suggestions would be great. Thanks

Saro's Ideations

Dela, here are some new ideations that I did. Courtney convinced me to use a hologram showing a mummy competing against the player. I really like that idea. How are these ideations looking? Thanks -Saro.

the most working new ideas

The top one probably requires a bit too much story explanation for it to work. The basic plot is that the heroic hunter, Actaeon, stumbled upon Artemis while she was bathing in the forest with her Nymphs. Enraged, she turns him into a stag which causes him to be ripped appart by his own hunting dogs. So the Idea was that if you make the ball past the obstacles, and you make into the right path, the ball will get sucked into the tree up and out down a tree branch and not too coincidentally stops right in front of Artemis' outstretched bow. The arrow shaft knocks the ball towards the peeping Actaeon, who in a misterious purple myst, transforns into the stag.

The second one I still feel real blah about. Disreguard it.

The last is definitely my favorite. The only thing that may be unclear is that the flying Pegasus goes across above the player's head from Herme's temple to Athena's. I'm thinking I could probably also push the scale of the medusa head to make it more monumental.

I'm gonna keep on thumbnailing out ideas, but I'm thinking that last one has the best shot for in-house turnaround. Do you agree?

Reeser~New Ideations

Hey Dela- here are some new ideations implementing your suggestions. I found this avenue to have a lot more golf-related possibilities, and I had a lot more fun doing these drawings. For an in-house drawing should I worry about how it all connects up to the rest of the course, or can I keep it an isolated sketch of just the one hole?

Reeser-comp drawing

Hey Dela- here's a comp drawing I've been working on. Let me know what you think :-). --Lauren

First Pass In-House: JP

This is my first pass at an in-house drawing. Is this piece working? If not, what are some problem areas that I can watch out for on the next pass?

Erin middendorf

Hi everyone. I've got a few new ideations since Saturday. They're very simple sketches.. I was trying to think of other icons of Chinese New Year, like the lucky cat, the laughing Buddha, Chinese temples, etc. I am having a hard time thinking of an 18th hole that has a very complex path, because all of the 18th holes I've been to have been straight paths, but still very difficult to make (usually becamse of a ramp or something. the hole requires very careful aiming). I feel like my ideas are very weak though. I would love some suggestions on how to come up with better ideas. And I know that I need to settle on an idea quick so that I'll have in-house drawings to show on Friday/Saturday! Thanks everyone.

Tony Bui Golf Explorations

Here are some of my newest ideations involvoing New York.

So far, this is my newest favorite idea...playing on rooftops but with that forced perspective I talked about in class:
Some more explorations of street golf using sky scrapers and Broadway as themes:I just wanted to draw a creature (King Kong) because I was inspired by JP's drawings:

More explorations...
Hey Dela, which idea do you think I should explore from these. It is a toss up between the rooftop idea and the street idea (the original idea I pitched in class). I like the rooftop idea because it is visually interesting. However, the street idea comes of being really "romanitic" to me which is why I persued it in the first place. Any advice would be great.

Also, I can not make it to class on Saturday because I need to attend my monthly Army Reservist training. Will you kick me out of the class if I miss it? I will post all my work on the site before Saturday. If there is a problem with this, please advise.

Redesigned Machine

Kelly: More Roald Dahl Golf ideations

Hey Dela! Here are some more ideations for the miniature golf course hole. I tried addressing some of the things that you brought up in class on Saturday such as pushing the elements of the size of the peach and the crocodile. I also tried to simplify the holes that I had on Saturday and focus on one main element. Any feedback and comments are greatly appreciated, till then I will keep working on more ideations. Thanks.

Nigel Li. More ideations of golf course.

Hey Dela, thanks alot for the comments in class. I took what you said about focusing more on the actual course rather than props and characters. The course with Frankentstein will spit out the ball at you try to put. I know its kind of a straight shot, but I liked the idea of a simple shot, that is difficult at the end. The concept of the slot machine, you hit it into a black box, then it randomly spits it out to one of the lanes. The slot machine will then turn, and you have a chance to win a huge prize at the gift shop. I also really like the idea of the haunted house, there are cameras that will take your picture, and the picture is shown on the graves as you putt. You can also see pictures of other people who have played that course on the other graves. Any comments will be greatly appreciated. Is there anything here you think is working? Perhaps combining a few? Thanks again.

Ariel Alvarez Casino Golf ideations

Hey Dela,

here are some of the ideas I'm starting to narrow down to right now. Sorry about last week, I was sick and I'm trying to catch up. Any ideas or comments from you would be great, I tried to put some reference to make the sketches a little clearer. I'm going for lots of lights and sounds from the casino machines, to get the full casino "experience".

Treehouse Ideations

Here are some ideations for the treehouse-golfcourse. Am I going in the right direction? Do these read clearly? I'm having a little trouble focusing on one hole. --Lauren

Revisions and a new piece

Here are some revisions and another piece I did for the project. Comments and feedback much appreciated!

New Ideations: JP

These are new ideations based on comments from class. These are explorations of the other two ideas Dela liked in addition to the two colored pieces that seemed to be working. I am wondering if these are as successful or more successful than the other ideations? Any feedback would be greatly appreciated.

Jens Ideation

Expanding on my machine theme I added a component of Man vs. Machine